论文标题:完善人大质询制度研究
On Consummating the National People"s Congress Interpellation System
论文作者
论文导师 周伟,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 法律
论文单位 四川大学,点击次数 83,论文页数 56页File Size3114K
2007-04-10论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_882681592/
Interpellation system;; Interpellation power ;;Interpellation ;;Inquiry
人大监督权是国家各级权力机关旨在维护法律权威、保障人民主权而对行政和司法机关及其工作人员的权力行为进行检查、调查、督促和制约的法定权力。按照监督行使的过程和步骤，人大监督权由获知权、处置权和制裁权组成。质询制度是人大行使获知权的重要形式，其实质是委托人考核代理人的一种制度，通过人大代表和常委会组成人员听取审议工作报告、参加各类会议和了解实际情况等多种方式，对被质询机关的工作不清楚、不理解、不满意的方面提出质询，要求被质询机关作出澄清、解释的一种活动。我国的质询制度发端于建国之初，从1954年9月一届全国人大一次会议制定和颁布的《全国人民代表大会组织法》到2007年1月1日实施的《中华人民共和国各级人民代表大会常务委员会监督法》(以下简称《各级人大常委会监督法》)，质询制度在立法上不断充实完善，逐步形成了具有中国特色的质询制度，有力地保证了人大监督权的正确行使。但是宪法和法律赋予的这项监督权却长期以来因为种种原因被束之高阁，这反映了立法上的不完善与实施的脱节之处，需要我们比较研究国内外质询制度及考察质询权运用的现状，为质询制度的理论深化冲破思想、制度的樊离奠定基础，为质询权的合理、适当、及时地行使开辟一条康庄大道。 本文分为四个部分： 第一部分是质询制度的基本原理及法理透析。通过对质询制度的历史沿革的梳理，把握其整体脉络，分析质询制度的概念、性质、功用、分类及质询与询问的区别；其次从四项原则着手进行质询制度的法理透析。 第二部分是国外质询制度的比较研究。从议会制国家、总统制国家及半总统制国家三种类型入手，分别和集中比较构建质询制度的大体框架。其中着重分析议会制国家的质询制度。 第三部分是质询制度在我国的实施现状列举并案例分析。本部分首先简明扼要地勾勒出质询制度在我国的产生与发展现状，其次从有关立法着手，对质询制度进行评析；最后通过大量案例及质询制度在我国实施的现状得出其存在的缺陷。 第四部分是我国质询制度的改革完善。通过国外质询制度的模式比较分析得出启示，进而提出改进、完善我国质询制度的具体方案。
The National People"s Congress supervisory authority is a statutory power, which aims to maintaining the legal authority, safeguarding the people"s sovereignty, as well as inspecting, investigating, supervising and restricting the power of administrative organ, judicial organ and their staff. According to the process and step of supervising, the National People"s Congress supervisory authority is composed of the power of learning, disposal and sanction. The interpellation system is an important form that the National People"s Congress exercises the learning power. Its essence is a kind of system that the trustees examine the agents. Relying on listening to the consideration work report through Deputy to the National People"s Congress and the standing committee component member, attending each kind of conference and getting to know the actual situation and other kinds of ways, the trustees can propose a interpellation that requires the organ to clarify and explain the unclear unsatisfying aspects. Our country"s interpellation system starts at the very beginning of PRC. From September, 1954 a session of National People"s Congress conference formulation and promulgation "National People"s Congress Constitutive law" of September, 1954 to " All levels of Standing Committee of National People"s Congress of PRC supervising Law" (to hereafter refer to as "All levels of Standing Committee of the National People"s Congress supervising Law")that had taken effect on Jan 1 st, 2007, the interpellation system is continuously consummating, a Chinese characteristic interpellation system is gradually formed, this helped to make sure the right use of National People"s Congress supervisory authority. However, this supervisory authority entrusted by the constitution and the law has long been put aside because of kinds of reasons. This phenomenon reflected the shortage of legislation as well as the implementation. In order to build a broad way for interpellation system, we need to compare studies of both the domestic and foreign interpellation system, inspect the present situation of interpellation power utilization, lay the foundation for the deepening interpellation system theory and get rid of the hurdle of system and ideology. This article covers four parts: Part one. It"s about the basic principle and legal principle of interpellation system. According to combing the historical evolution of interpellation system, grasping firmly the whole train of thought, analyzing the concept, nature, function, classification of interpellation, and the difference between interpellation and inquiring system. Then, the thesis legally analyzes the interpellation system on the four principles. Part two. Comparatively study of the interpellation system abroad. Start from parliamentarism country and presidential governmental country and half-presidential governmental country, compare the general frame of the interpellation system, and emphasize the interpellation system of parliamentarism country. Part three. The current situation of interpellation system and together with case study. In this part, first describe the origin and the current situation of interpellation system in our country. Then, focus on legislation, comment and analyze the interpellation system. Finally, the thesis points out the defects through the lots of case study and the current situation of interpellation system. Part four. It is the revolution and consummation of interpellation system in our country. Comparatively analyzing the interpellation system mode, and posing the detailed program to improve and consummate the interpellation system of our country.
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