论文标题:当前我国农村的贫困与文化扶贫问题研究
Research on Problems of the Present Rural Poverty and Assisting the Poor in Culture
论文作者 胡吉红
论文导师 王祥俊,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 马克思主义哲学
论文单位 广西师范大学,点击次数 23,论文页数 32页File Size1594k
2001-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_886168392/ 贫困,文化贫困,文化扶贫,可持续发展,脱贫,科学文化素质
poverty,cultural poverty,assisting the poor in culture,sustained developing get ride of poverty, quality of science and culture
当人类把探索的目光投入21世纪人类生存与发展未来的时候，贫困仍旧是困扰着世界的问题。中国自1978年就开始了扶贫的历程，但由于其特殊的国情，西部地区仍面临着贫困面积广大、经济增长缓慢、人力素质低下、基础设施薄弱、生态环境恶化的严重困境。这不仅影响了贫困地区经济、社会的协调发展和政治秩序的稳定，而且从根本上削弱了贫困地区和整个国民经济、社会可持续发展的能力和潜力。 然而对于贫困，不同的人有不同的界定。本文认为李守经的观点比较适合于社会学的定义，即“贫困是以人为主体的概念，是人或社会群体的贫困。贫困是人的发展权利实现不足或未能得到实现”。人的发展权利是多种多样的，衡量贫困也有多种标准，有经济的，也有社会的、文化的。当前，文化因素已成为贫困农村发展的“瓶颈”。 改革开放以来，农村文化事业有了较大的发展，但贫困农村仍旧存在着农民受教育的时间短，文盲、半文盲数量大，生活方式、思维方式、思想观念保守落后的状况。这种落后文化状况的存在是有其深刻的传统根源的。在中国，尤其是在中国偏僻而贫困的农村，传统的思维方式使农民的思维还没有跳出等级的、宗族的、人伦的社会关系之网；以义利观为核心的观念，使农民在义与利的选择上出现了两极分化的趋势；陕隘的农耕文化造成了许多农民墨守成规、固守田园、缺乏竞争开拓精神。贫困农村存在的文化贫困根源，是导致贫困的深层次原因，所以扶贫也应该从文化扶贫入手。 文化扶贫要通过提高贫困农民的整体素质，以提高其挑战贫困，抵制贫困的能力。然而从我国扶贫历程来看，主要存在着如下几点不足：一在扶贫方式上，重消极给予，轻积极扶持。二在扶贫效果的评估上，重经济效益，轻社会效益。三在致贫原因的认识上，重环境决定论，轻人力观念。四在扶贫主体上，重国家、政府帮扶，轻社会、市场救助。 在文化生产力迅速崛起的今天，面对着农村文化贫困的状况，文化扶贫显得十分必要与紧迫。社会主义现代化的提出，社会主义市场经济体制的建立以及社会可持续发展的要求都对人的素质提出了挑战；“法轮功”事件启示人们：农村文化建设已刻不容缓，农村的文化阵地科学不去占领，迷信就会盛行；中国加入WTO以后，农业受到的冲击将是巨大的，这也对农民的素质提出了更高的要求；随着我国建设的战略转移，西部大开发已经拉开了序幕，然而这一过程遇到的最大难题将是人口素质低下。文化扶贫不仅仅对贫困农村意义重大，对广大农村，整个中国来说都具有重大经济与社会意义。 文化扶贫是一项系统工程，它需要多方面的努力和配合。第一，应该根除农民头脑中的阵旧观念，夯实脱贫与发展的基础。不破除贫困农民头脑中的陈旧观念，现代意识 中的阵旧观念，夯实脱贫与发展的基础。不破除贫困农民头脑中的陈旧观念，现代意识 就不可能树立起来。首先，对贫困地区的干部提出要求，应该把文化扶贫摆到重要的位 置上来；其次，弘扬农村优秀的传统文化，剔除糟粕，高扬时代的主旋律，重塑农民的 价值观。第二，促进贫困地区教育事业的发展，提高农民的科学文化素质。首先，要求 贫困地区的各级领导干部要转变观念，切实落实教育优先发展的战略：其次，在加大普 及基础教育，提高广大贫困地区整体科学文化素质的同时，要不断加强成人教育、家庭 教育：再次，在学校教育中，应该改变传统的课程设置，变应试教育为素质教育，提高 贫困地区学生的综合能力。第三，加强贫困农村文化“硬件”建设，丰富农民群众的业 余生活。首先，要重视农村文化阵地建设，抓好设施、人员、经费、活动“四落实”； 其次，要发动广大群众，精心组织群众文化活动，破除封建陋习的影响，树立现代的生 活意识。
When people enter the 21 centuiy, poverty is still a problem of disturbing the world. China began to assist the poor people since 1978, but for the Chinese special condition , the north region still faces the serious situation of widely poverty , slowly economic growing , manpower qualities" low weak in basic facilities , worsen in ecological environmentThis situation not only defects coodinative development of economic ,society in poor region and stablity of political order, but also decreaces the ability and latent capicity of the poor region and whole societyFor poverty , different people has different viewpoint .1 believe that the viewpoint of Li Shoujing fits the definition of sociology: "Poverty is a concept of emphasizing people is poverty of human or social groups. Poverty is that the human rights are variety ,measuring poverty has also many criterions :economical .social, cultural . At present, cultural factor has become the barrier to economic developing of rural areaFrom the time of reforming and opening ,cultural undertaking in rural area has developed greatly, but poor region still faces some serious situation. Such as , the present"s short time in education, the backward of the life style the thinking style and concept so on. This situation is derived from the tradition In China , especially in poor region, the traditional thinking style puts the pesents in social nets of classifiable, patriarchal , human feeling . The concept of justice and benefit , make the pesents walk to completely different direction; The narrow presents culture makes such situation that pesent don"t want to go out , contest , this is the deep reason to poverty , so it is a good way to assist the pootr with culture.To assist the poor with culture mainly want to develop the pesents whole quility , to heighten the ability of overcome the povertY .But from the course of helping the poor , there are some short points : First on the style of helping the poor, emphasized negative giving, lightened positive assisting. Second on evaluation of the effect , emphasized economic benefit , lightened social benefit . Third on the view of the season to poverty emphasized enviornment . lighted the manpower . Forth on subject of helping the poor. emphasized country , government lightened society and marketing.Today , cultural production forces developing quickly , forcing the situation of cultural poverty , so cultural helping is very neccessary and urgent-3-o Socialistic mordenizition .soeiolistic economy and social sustained developing all these challenge the people "s quility ; "Ta Lun Gong enlightens: culture construction is urgent In rural area , science don"t existsuperstition will be prevail : After entering WTO, agriculture of China will be affected seriously So high quality of the pesents will be in correspondence with this . with the construction of our country .the north exploiting is beginning but the biggest problem is the low people"s quality.it is important sense not only for poor region .but for the whole rural area .whole country.Assisting the poor in culture is a systematic subject, so it needs a lot of efforts. First eliminating the old concepts in pesents ~building the base of the getting rid of poverty. If don" t eliminate the old concepts. the morden sense will not be errected . This acquires the leaders of the poor region put the culture on important situation Develops the culture excellent tradition culture , eliminates the dress, rebuilds the pesents view of value . Second. stimulating the development of the education in poor region ,hightens the science quility of the pesents . This acquires all kinds of leaders in poor regions convert the concept , put the educational policy on import situation . Increasingly , strengthen the adults education and homely education In school education we should change the traditional lessons .convert the examinal education to quality education to develop the students" ability of the poor region o Third : strengthen the cultural facilities in rural a
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