论文标题:黑河流域水资源优化配置研究
Study on Optimized Allocation of Water Resource in Heihe Basin
论文作者 李小琴
论文导师 黄强；李效栋,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 水利工程
论文单位 西安理工大学,点击次数 82,论文页数 83页File Size2973k
2005-03-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_89959507/ 黑河流域;水资源;优化配置;可持续利用;承载力;评价
Heihe Basin;ater Resource;Optimized Allocation;Sustained Utilization;Carrying Capacity;Evaluate
黑河是中国第二大内陆河,长期以来,由于人口增长,经济发展,中游地区人类活动用水量增加,致使进入下游水量急剧减少,导致森林死亡、草场退化、沙漠化扩展,成为中国北方地区沙尘暴的主要沙源地之一。本文在分析了黑河流域水资源开发利用现状的基础上,指出了目前黑河流域水资源开发利用中存在的问题,综述了国内外水资源优化配置的研究进展,收集、整理并分析了大量黑河流域社会、经济、生态环境等与水资源优化配置相关的资料数据;对黑河流域水资源需求进行了分析和预测;建立了水资源优化配置模型,获得了水资源优化配置方案,对实现黑河流域水资源优化配置具有重要的参考价值。本文取得的主要研究成果如下:(1) 提出了黑河流域水资源优化配置的指导思想、原则和目标,结合流域水资源开发利用特点和目标生成了2010水平年五个水资源配置方案,为研究或实施黑河流域水资源优化配置方案奠定了基础。(2) 结合产业结构和农业种植结构调整及对灌区的节水改造,采用定额法对生活、生产、生态需水进行了预测,总需水量由现状的42. 01亿m3减少到2010水平年的34. 93亿m3,减小了16. 9%,需水的负增长趋势是合理的,符合流域实情。(3) 考虑到黑河流域水资源短缺,需水量大于水资源量的实情,建立西安理工大学工程硕士学位论文了兼顾流域缺水均衡,以流域总缺水最小为目标的水资源优化配置模型(LPM);提出了应用遗传算法求解LPM模型具体步骤,推导并给出了该算法有关公式和参数,丰富了水资源优化配置方法。 (4)采用长系列资料,应用LPM模型,进行大量运算获得了现状年和2010水平年的六个黑河流域水资源优化配置方案;通过各方案在实现分配水权、生活、生产和生态用水的协调程度、供水保证率、水资源开发利用程度等方面的分析比较,以及水资源可持续承载能力的评价,重点评价了发展系数、协调系数、公平系数和可持续发展系数,得出了方案5为水资源配置最优方案。论文取得的成果对实现黑河流域水资源优化配置具有重要的指导意义。关键词:黑河流域;水资源;优化配置;可持续利用;承载力;评价
Heihe is the second biggiest inland river in china. During a very long time, the downriver has a tendency of water lessening ,forest death, grassland degeneration and desert extending and thus make it become the head area of desertification of North China because of population explosion, economic development and the increased water demand of the middle reaches of Heihe basin.Based on the actuality of the water resource exploitation of Heihe basin, questions were brought forward, study of inside and outside of countries actualities on water resource optimized allocation were sum up and the social ,economic and entironmental data related to Heihe water resource optimized allocation were collected, cleared up and analysed. So the water demand of Heihe basin was analysed and forcasted. At the same time, the water resource optimized allocation modle was built and the related scheme was achieved which has important referenced worth in realizing water resource optimized allocation in Heihe basin. The main results are as following:(1) The golden rules and objectives of water resource optimized allocation of Heihe basin were put forward, and then 5 schemes in 2010 level year were formed which established base to putting the scheme in practice.(2) Linked to the saving rebuilt of industrial and agricultural growth structures, lives, production and entironmental demand were forecasted in the method of ration and thegeneral water demand was lessened 16.9% from 42.01 hundred million steres now to 34.93 hundred million steres in 2010,which considered as reasonable and accorded with basin facts.(3) LPM was built which embodied the objective of minimizing the general water lack of the basin. Material processes and related formula were put forward by Genetic Arithmetic which enriched water resource optimized allocation methods.(4) Six schemes in the status year and 2010 level year were achieved by long series data and IPM after mass operation. After study on realizing harmony, water demand assuring ratio, the degree of water resource exploitation and utilization of distibute in water power, lives, production and environmental water demand through each scheme, and evaluating on sustained carrying capacity of water resource, coefficient on development ,harmony, sustainability were emphasesed and finally the fifth scheme was selected as the optimized scheme of water resources. Overall, the results gained in the paper have important guidance meaning in realizing water resource optimized allocation in Heihe basin.
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