论文标题:福建烟区土壤镁素营养与镁肥施用效应的研究
Studies on Magnesium Nutrition and the Control Meathods of Quality Flue-Cured Tobacco
论文作者 陈星峰
论文导师 熊德中,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 植物营养
论文单位 福建农林大学,点击次数 85,论文页数 75页File Size2484k
2005-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_909260862/ 福建烟区;烤烟:镁素;合理施肥
Fujian tobacco planting area; flue-cured tobacco; Mg; rational fertilization
本研究采用田间调查、土柱淋溶模拟试验、室内培育试验、土培试验、大田试验相结合的方法,调查了福建烟区土壤、烟叶镁素含量状况,研究了镁肥的淋失规律,提出了福建烟区土壤及烟叶镁素的临界值,并进行了烤烟合理施用镁肥的研究。 1.通过对福建烟区2253个有代表性的土样及相应田块的烟叶样品的分析结果表明,全省烟区土壤交换性镁含量在1.80～256.80mg·kg~(-1),平均为34.49mg·kg~(-1),其中有88.86%的土壤交换性镁含量低于50mg·kg~(-1)。烟叶中镁的含量在0.06%～1.60%,平均为0.24%,有近43.00%的烟叶含镁量小于0.20%。 2.土柱淋溶模拟试验结果表明,土壤镁易遭受淋失而导致烤烟缺镁,在试验期间土壤镁素淋失率达27.47%。硫酸镁、氢氧化镁、氧化镁、白云石灰、钙镁磷肥等5种镁肥的镁素淋失率分别为32.88%,27.30%,24.08%,19.26%,11.86%。施用钾肥(K_2SO_4)促进镁素的淋失;施氮肥(NN_4NO_3)增加镁素的淋失;施钙肥(CaCO_3)对镁的淋失无明显影响。 3.土壤培育试验结果表明,氧化镁、硫酸镁、氢氧化镁等施入红泥土、灰泥田、潮土后,土壤中的交换性镁含量迅速增加。硫酸镁、氢氧化镁施用后的第10天,土壤交换性镁含量达到最大;氧化镁则在施用30天后,土壤交换性镁含量达到峰值。硫酸镁施入几种类型的土壤,90天后镁的固定率排序为灰泥田(55.97%)>潮土(38.20%)>红泥土(11.20%),施用氧化镁、氢氧化镁也有相同的规律。钙镁磷施入几种类型的土壤,90天后镁的提取率排序为灰泥田(20.00%)<潮土(53.32%)<红泥土(74.89%),施用白云石粉也有相同的规律。 4.镁素是烟草体内能够再利用的营养元素,缺镁症首先出现于下部叶。盆栽试验结果表明,团棵期烤烟镁素临界值为下部叶镁含量0.31%(干重,下
Field investigation, simulation experiment with repacked soil columns, indoor soil-culture, pot experiment and field experiment were conducted to investigate status of magnesium of soil and tobacco leaf, study the rule of the leaching lose of Mg fertilizer .suggest the magnesium diagnostic indexes in soil and tobacco leaf in Fujian tobacco planting area, and study Mg fertilizer rational application effect.1. The results of the study for 2253 samples of soil and leaf in Fujian tobacco planting area were summarized as follows:the range of the content of exchangeable magnesium in the tobacco soil was 1.80~ 256.80 mg. kg~(-1), and the average of the content was 34. 49 mg. kg~(-1). 88. 86% of all soil samples, the content of exchangeable magnesium was lower than 50mg.kg~(1). The range of the content of magnesium in tobacco leaf was 0. 06%~1.60%, and the average of the content was 0.24%. 43.00% of the tobacco leaf samples , the content of magnesium was lower than 0.2%.2. The results of an indoor simulating experiment with repacked soil columns showed that magnesium was relatively easily leached from soil, which resulted in the magnesium deficiency of tobacco. The leaching ratio of exchangeable magnesium in soil came up to 27.47%. Separately, the leaching ratios of exchangeable magnesium in the treatments of MgS0_4.7H_20, Mg(0H)_2, MgO, limestone, alcium magnesium phosphate were 32.88%, 27.30%, 24.08%, 19.26%, 11.86%. Application of K fertilizer(K_2SO_4) promoted the leaching of magnesium. Applicationof N fertilizer increased the leaching of magnesium. Application of Ca fertilizer scarcely affected the leaching lose of magnesium.3. Soil culture experiment results showed that the content of exchangeable magnesium had increased promptly in Paddy field, Tidal Paddy field, Red mud field when MgO, Mg(OH), and MgSO,. 7H,0 were applied. The soil had the highest amount of exchangeable magnesium when Mg(0H)L. and MgS04. 7H20 were applied in 10 days, and the soil had the highest amount of exchangeable magnesium when MgO was applied in 30 days. The ratio of clench in various soils was in the following order: Paddy field (55.97%) > Tidal Paddy field (38.20%) > red mud field (11.20%) when MgSO4. 7H20 was applied in 90 days. The treatments of MgO and Mg(0H)2 had the same rule. The ratio of abstract in various soils was in the following order: Paddy field (20.00%) < Tidal Paddy field (53.32%) , Calcium magnesium phosphate was 22869.15yuan. hnf2, MgS04. 7H20 had the lowest output value (21275. 25yuan. hnf2). Apparent character of the treatments of MgO and Mg(0H)2 were better than others, So MgO and Mg (Oil) ^ were the better choice of Mg fertilizer for Fujian toba
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