论文标题:中国金融分业与混业经营
China Financial Business Segregation System and Universal Banking System
论文作者 张志超
论文导师 何伦志,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 人口、资源与环境经济学
论文单位 新疆大学,点击次数 167,论文页数 45页File Size1726k
2002-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_913405227/ 分业经营,混业经营,金融风险,金融创新
Segregation system,Universal banking,Financial risk,Financial innovation
20世纪末，金融混业经营在世界范围内兴起，而我国1993年开始实行分业经营，并且就目前一段时间内，这种金融经营制度安排还是我国现实的、有效的一种选择。我们一方面要意识到这种逆潮流选择对于我国金融业现状的合理性，另一方面，更要充分认识到这种制度安排的“无效性”，并且就长远来看，混业经营才是我国金融业发展的方向。 本文采用金融理论研究同我国实际情况相结合、纵向对比与横向对比相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法，着重分析了我国金融业经营体制方面的问题。由于商业银行在金融业中特别是在我国金融业中占据主要地位，本文从商业银行入手，主要从商业银行的角度，从一个侧面来讨论分业与混业经营问题，仅希望本文能激发人们对中国金融经营体制产生一些新的认识和启发。 本文共分为三部分。 第一部分包括第一章和第二章内容，着重介绍和研究金融业分业与混业经营体制。开篇首先界定了“分业经营”与“混业经营”两个概念，指出了分业经营的相对性；其次，探讨了世界金融体制的演变过程，分析了世界金融经营体制“两次转变”的历史背景和原因，总结了其中的规律和发展的趋势；再次，在第二章里，从各种不同的角度对分业与混业经营体制进行比较，以求对两种经营体制有一个全面和客观的认识。 第二部分是本文的重点，包括第三章和第四章内容，主要是对中国现行的金融业经营体制进行具体分析。在第三章里，阐述了改革开放以来，中国金融经营体制演变的过程，剖析了分业经营体制形成的历史背景，客观的评价了实施分业经营后的效果。在第四章，着力分析中国分业经营的合理性和发展趋势。现阶段的分业经营是我国有效的、合理的制度，其合理性在于：(1)我国现有的金融风险除了金融市场共有的金融风险外，主要是体制风险，特别是由于国有商业银行产权问题带来的体制风险，国有商业银行产权不清，形成“投资收益内部化，风险外部化”，这种情况下，商业银行投资于我国的“虚拟经济”，投资于高风险行业，寻求高的投资回报是其理性的选择，但这种投资不利于证券市场的发展和急需资金的产业部l’二，更重要的是这会使国有商业银厅的本己经很严重的不良资产问题雪上加霜，出于金融安全考虑，分业是必然的选择，但分业经营只能是在一定程度上减少了体制风险产生的渠道，并不能从根本上克服体制风险；（2）我国金融各业发展相对落后，在本业内存有一定的发展空间，相对的分业经营符合我国国情，过早的进入馄业经营反而不利于金融业的整体发展：门）从外部环境来说，我国的余融法律和余融业监管尚不完善，混业经营为时过早。然后，本文提出了中国金融走向混业经营是发展的趋势。第一，这是由商业银行作为一种特殊的企业，其“盈利性”的本质要求与混业经营的经济优势决定的：第二，随着非银行金融机构的发展，金融机构各业间的竞争逐渐加剧，商业银行的传统业务受到的发展压力将渐渐增大，它的进一步发展将需要混业经营为其提供更广阔的空间；第三，我国己加入叮，随着金融业的逐步放开，我国金融业要融入到世界金融体制中，金融机构要参与国际竞争，就必须与其发展潮流相一致，符合国际通行的规则，走向混业经营也是必需的选择。本章最后考察了当前中国金融业己出现的混业经营萌芽现象，进一步说明了混业是发展的方向。 第三部分为第五章节，针对中国现状提出了六点建议，主要是不要将现阶段的分业经营绝对化，在分业经营大的原则下要为金融创新留有空问，在金融安全的前提下，为金融各业合作提供支持，积极进行国有商业银行产权制度改革，加强金融机构风险意识，和内控机制建设，并且从外部环境上，在法制、监管、技术等方面为混业经营创造条件。
At the end of the 20th century, the financial universal banking system sprang up in the international finance. But China began to execute the segregation system in 1993, and this financial arrangement is still our practical and effective selection for a period of the time. On the one hand, we should realize the rationality of this adverse current selection against world backgrounds, on the other hand, we must recognize the "inefficacy"of the segregation system. In the long-term, the universal banking system is our financial direction.The thesis uses the following methodologies: the theoretical study & reality analysis, historical analysis methodology& horizontal analysis methodology, qualitative analysis& quantities analysis, etc. The thesis emphasizes on analyzing the problem of our financial management system. For the commercial bank plays important role in the finance, especially in our finance, the thesis discusses a side of segregation and universal banking system in the view of the commercial bank. I only hope that the thesis can bring you some new recognition and enlightenment to our financial system.The thesis consists three parts.Part One: It comprises the content from Chapter 1 to 2. The focus is introducing and researching two kinds of financial management system: business segregation and universal banking system. At beginning, it defines the term business segregation and universal banking. Secondly, It analyzes the causes that led to the business segregation at the first half of the 20l century, probes the pushing forces behind the global trend of universal banking, summarizes the regularity and developing current. Thirdly, the Chapter 2 compares the business segregation and universal banking system from different angles. Thorough the comparison I hope to give a comprehensive and objective awareness with two systems.Part Two: This is the central part of the thesis, ranging from Chapter 3 and 4. Thepart analyzes Chinese financial management system concretely. Chapter 3 narrates the evolution of Chinese financial system since the end of 1970s, analyzes the historic backgrounds, main causes and the effects of the financial business segregation.Chapter 4 includes three contents. (1) Financial business segregation is our effective and rational system. The causes are following: ? There are main system risks and in our financial market, besides common financial risks. The system risks brought by property right of our state business bank is more important. Because the state property right is confused, it makes investment earnings internalization & risks externalization. The investment of banks must put money into invented market to seek more investment return. But this disadvantages stock market and industrial departments that urgently need money. Furthermore, it will make the problem of state bank undesirable capitals more serious. So business segregation is necessary in order to insure finance safe. But we must know that this system can"t overcome system risks. ￢arious financial industries gets behind comparatively, so there have developing spaces in their own fields. Business segregation is fit in our situations; on the contrary early executing universal banking is unfit in developing finances. (3)From the environment, our financial law and supervisor system are still weak to universal banking. (2) Universal banking is our direction. At first, this is determined by the nature of commercial bank, a special enterprise, and the advantages of universal banking. Second the competition between financial institutes will be more intensive following the development of finance. The commercial banks need wider space that can be given by universal banking; Third China have entered WTO, our finance want to take part in global economy, our institutes compete with global financial enterprise. All of these require our development in accord with international current: deregulation segregation. (3) At last, the chapter points out the universal banking in the bud in China.Part Three: Policy suggestion.
|
