论文标题:环境非政府组织的地位和作用
Intelligent Measurement and Control Arithmatic Investigation of NC Machine Tool Servo System
论文作者 丛霞
论文导师 丁金光,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 国际关系
论文单位 青岛大学,点击次数 70,论文页数 44页File Size2741k
2005-05-10论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_916774537/ 非政府组织;环境非政府组织;全球治理;地位和作用
NGOs; environmental NGOs; global governance; role and effect
从20世纪中期以来,随着科学技术的发展和人类活动的频繁,武器扩散、环境污染等全球性问题不断凸现,引起国际社会的极大关注。环境非政府组织也从边缘地带向全球治理的国际舞台中心靠拢,并在全球环境治理过程中发挥着独特的、不可替代的、越来越重要的作用。环境非政府组织以保护全球生态环境为已任,凭借自身组织体制、机构以及活动方式上的灵活性和公益性等特点,在解决全球环境问题过程中,能够承上启下、沟通各方、促进协调与合作。环境非政府组织的兴起是对传统的国家-政府体制治理全球环境问题的一种挑战,它促使全球治理向着多元化和民主化方向发展。 本文旨在从对环境非政府组织的概念、特点、分类及兴起原因的界定和分析入手,着重分析环境非政府组织在当代环境保护中的地位和作用。文章共分为五部分: 一、环境非政府组织的分类与特点。本章先从界定非政府组织的概念和特征入手,进而引出环境非政府组织的定义,并概括其不同于其他非政府组织的特点及其分类。 二、环境非政府组织兴起的原因。本章从四个方面分析了环境非政府组织兴起的内因和外因。工业革命带来的严重的生态破坏是环境非政府组织产生的前提条件;国家-政府体制在治理环境问题上的缺陷为环境非政府组织的兴起提供了良好的契机;全球公民社会的形成和现代高科技的发展是环境非政府组织发展的物质基础;环境非政府组织与生俱来的优势是促其存在与发展的内在因素。 三、主要的环境非政府组织。本章主要介绍了绿色和平组织、世界自然基金会、地球之友、世界自然保护联盟和气候行动网络等五个全球性的环境非政府组织。本章后半部分简单介绍了中国环境非政府组织的现状和特点。 四、环境非政府组织的地位和作用。本章是本论文叙述的重点。本章详细分析了联合国、各国政府、跨国公司等国际行为体及公民个人在环境非政府组织的影响下政策与行为的改变,反映了环境非政府组织在全球环境治理中的作用。 五、环境非政府组织发展面临的问题。此部分从现状出发,深刻剖析了当前环境非政府组织发展所面临的内忧外困。
In pace with the development of science and technology and the increasing frequency of humankind"s activities since middle 20th century, environmental issues have caught much attention of the world. Hence environmental NGOs have been closing up slowly to the center of the international arena and playing a unique and unreplaceable role in the global environmental governance. Environmental NGOs are working for a better world by improving the environment and serving as a bridge between the peoples and governments in the world because of their technical expertise and monitoring capabilities. Moreover, they are pushing global governance towards democracy while challenging the sovereign of state. This paper tries to give an overall study on the definition, characters, classifications, background, and role and effect of environmental NGOs in the contemporary international relations, which the last part is the stress of this paper.Part one concentrates on the classifications and characters of environmental NGOs. First, it defines NGO and its natures, and then draws forth the definition of environmental NGOs. The main part is classifications and characters.Part two analyzes the background of the environmental NGOs rising. Here illustrate four main accounts to the rising of environmental NGOs: result of the industrial revolution, the defects of the nation-state governing system, the formation of a global civil society and the development of high-tech, inherent merits of environmental NGOs.Part three briefs five main international environmental NGOs: Greenpeace, WWF, FOEI, IUCN and CAN. Latter half of this part briefs the present situations and natures of Chinese environmental NGOs.Part four focuses on the role of environmental NGOs, which is the key sector of this paper. It details how environmental NGOs influence the policies and actions of the United States, nations, transnational corporations and private individuals.Part five analyzes several problems with which environmental NGOs are faced.
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