论文标题:我国资源型城市产业转型问题研究
On the Industry Conversion of Resource-based Cities in China
论文作者
论文导师 尹豪,论文学位 博士,论文专业 人口、资源与环境经济学
论文单位 吉林大学,点击次数 42,论文页数 247页File Size10839K
2007-10-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_922224557/
资源型城市是在资源开发的基础上形成和发展起来的城市,其经济和社会的发展有着独特的规律性,在其发展过程中也产生了一系列特有的问题。本文采用定性、定量及实证研究相结合的方法,对我国资源型城市的发展现状和存在的问题进行深入探讨,发现其内在的规律和特点。在此基础上,利用全局主成分分析方法,通过模型运算,得出现阶段影响我国资源型城市发展的主要因素和资源型城市综合经济经发展水平的动态轨迹。选择三个典型的资源型城市进行实证研究,通过对这三个城市发展现状及所采取的产业转型措施的分析,总结值得借鉴的经验和教训。结合国内外资源型城市发展的经验和教训得出结论:我国资源型城市的产业转型具有必然性;解决资源型城市产业结构及就业问题的最根本办法是适时进行产业转型;资源型城市产业转型的最佳时机为资源型产业的稳产期;不同类型、不同发展阶段的资源型城市应根据自身特点,采取不同的产业转型方式,主动进行产业转型。
Resource-based cities are the ones that are formed and developed on the basis of resource exploitation. Resources are the most important base and condition for the development of those cities. Compared with non- resource-based cities, resource-based cities rely heavily on natural resources, which means that the various problems appeared in the development of resource-based cities are related to resources directly or indirectly. Because the development of resource-based industry has periodical feature, the resource-based cities have the corresponding periodical stages. In latter periods, development of this kind of resource-based cities will face a series of problems, the macro aspect mainly including the non-renewable resources is exhausted gradually, the ecological environment worsens day by day, and the urban development strategy lags behind. And the micro aspect mainly embodies in the unreasonable industrial structure and workforce"s employment problem. The irrational industrial structure of resource-based cities of our country is almost innate. Most of the resource-based cities of our country are formed in“planned economy”period under the government’s instruction and through the exploitation of natural resources. Influenced by the regional division of functions and investment policies of our country at that period, the leading industry of resource-based cities were distinct and single, elementary industries that generally relies on dominant resources were relatively developed, and the proportion of heavy industries in the urban industrial structure is very big. The irrationality of the industrial structure in resource-based cities is exhibited by the following aspects. The industrial structure is single, and the upgrade of the industrial structure is very slow; the development of those cities is highly dependent on resources, and the non-resource-based industries develop slowly; the correlativeness of industries as well as the comprehensive economic benefits is low; the structure of trained personnel is unfavorable. The main reasons of the unfavorable industrial structure are as follows: the location of those resource-based cities are not suitable for development, and there are no external forces to promote the development of those cities; the heavy reliance on non-renewable resources makes heavy industries take up the biggest proportion in the industrial structure of those cities; the entering obstacle for superseded industries is great; and the cost for the withdrawal of resource-based industries are hard to be afforded. As industrial structure is the basis of economic development, the optimization of industrial structure is the demand of economic development. As long as we want to realize rationalization of industrial structure of resource-based cities, we should accomplish the conversion of industries actively in those cities. Through the development of superseded and substitutive industries, the condition of industrial structure of those cities can be changed and upgraded. Employment pressure is quite popular in cities of our country. Almost all kinds of cities suffer from this problem more or less. However, it is more serious in resource-based cities than in non-resource-based cities, because of the particularity of the basic industries in resource-based cities. The employment problem of resource-based cities are mainly as follows: high proportion of unemployed population, with both disguised unemployment and observed unemployment; a series of social problems caused by high unemployment rate; the unfavorable employment structure; the imbalance of demand and supply of laborers; the reemployment of laid-off people; etc. There are many causes of these problems, for example, the reform of SOE results in the extensive release of the supernumerary, the bankruptcy of resource-based enterprises lead to the increase of the number of unemployed people, the abilities to absorb laborers of the economic branches of resource-based cities are weak, the urban unemployed people are difficult to be reemployed because their overall qualities are not high, the backward social security systems need improvement, etc. The basic solution of the employment problem of resource-based cities is to carry out industry conversion, that is, to create new employment positions and absorb excessive laborers through the development of superseded strategic industries, small and medium sized enterprises, service industries, etc. This dissertation uses the method of principle component analysis of overall situation to analyze the comprehensive economic development of resource-based cities. By combining absolute index, relative index, and average index, it chooses 13 indexes as the factors that influence the economic development of resource-based cities. The data of 34 typical resource-based cities during 6 years from China City Statistical Yearbook are picked out. Then, a mathematical model of initial data matrix of principle component analysis of overall situation is set up. Through the operation of that model, three most basic factors are settled; they are economic development achievement index, city dimension index, and economic development strength index. Through adding the weighted three indexes, a function that measures the comprehensive scores of the economic development of each city is made out. Taking advantage of the function and the standardized data, the 34 resource-based cities are scored and put in sequence, so that the track of the comprehensive economic development of the 34 cities within the 6 years is gained, which provide valuable reference for the establish of the plan of industry conversion of those cities. There is not a general method for the conversion of resource-based cities. Every city should make out policies according to its own features. In order to give a further analysis on the industry conversion of resource-based cities, this dissertation selects three typical resource-based cities: Panjin city of Liaoning province, Zoucheng city of Shandong province, Fuxin city of Liaoning provinces. It tries to explore and summarize the experiences of the industry conversion of those cities so as to give reference to the conversion and development of similar resource-based cities. Though the transition of industry can"t neither change the resource type inherent lifespan of industry nor reverse the gradually exhausted trend of non-renewable resources, but it can prevent this kind of cities downfall with the declining depletion of resources, realize urban one"s own sustainable development. The industry transition of the resource-based cities, is a complicated system engineering, involve a lot of respects. As a result, resource-based cities can realize sustainable development through the conversion of their resource-based industries. The industry conversion of the resource-based cities in our country is a very complex process. It is related to many aspects. There are many models for the conversion in terms of different standards. Through the analysis of the cost of the conversion of the resource-based cities, the cost of comprehensive conversion, and industrial profit function, this dissertation reaches the conclusion that the best period for the conversion of resource-based cities is when the profit of resource-based industries reaches the maximum. On the basis of this analysis, through a summarization of the experiences of resource-based cities in and abroad China, this dissertation argues that if resource-based cities want to finish industry conversion with the minimum cost, they should choose the suitable pattern of conversion, seize the favorable opportunities, achieve industry conversion gradually and actively.
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