论文标题:安徽省地方桑品种种质特性研究
STUDIES ON SPECIES CHARACTER OF NATIVE MULBERRY VARIETIES IN ANHUI PROVINCE
论文作者 吴家喜
论文导师 赵正龙;许晓风,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 特种经济动物饲养
论文单位 安徽农业大学,点击次数 97,论文页数 75页File Size3195k
2001-06-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_92642827/ 桑树;地方品种;同工酶;形态特征; 活性;抗逆性;相关性;RAPD-PCR
Mulberry;Native variety;Isoenzyme;Morphological character;Activity;Resistance;Relationship;RAPD-PCR
桑树属双子叶植物纲（Dieotyledonede）、荨麻目（Urticales）、桑科（Moraceae）、桑属（Morus L）、桑种（Morus alba L）。迄今为止，桑树仍是家蚕食物的主要来源。本文在系统总结国内外有关桑树种质资源研究的基础上，采用了形态学比较、生化分析及分子生物学等方法，对安徽省主要的地方桑品种进行了系统的研究，取得了以下主要研究结果： 形态学及生物学特征调查表明，安徽省地方桑品种之间的差异不明显。生化指标叶，绿素、可溶性糖、氨基酸含量供试品种之间的变异系数分别为12.96％、20.98％、17.63％。相关测验表明，叶绿素与可溶性糖含量之间存在一定的相关性，叶绿素与氨基酸含量之间不存在相关性。 对安徽省地方桑品种水解氨基酸含量测定分析时，发现蛋氨酸、酪氨酸含量分别与蚕体的生长发育和茧丝产量存在一定程度的相关性，蛋氨酸含量高，蚕体生命力强；酪氨酸含量高，茧丝产量高。五龄蚕体添食试验酪氨酸结果与之吻合。 对安徽省地方桑品种的几种同工酶进行了研究，过氧化物酶、苹果酸酶、酯酶三种同工酶结果都表明安徽省地方桑品种亲缘关系较近，过氧化物酶在26％左右的不相似水平上聚成一类；苹果酸酶同工酶在各品种之间酶带数均表现为一条，差异来源于酶带的迁移率；酯酶同工酶在不相似系数为29O／O的水平上聚成一类，同时还发现杂交品种900与9002增加了一条酶带，这条酶带的出现可能与杂种优势有关。 为了进一步验证安徽省地方桑品种在桑树系谱进化中的位置，扩大取样范围，对国内主要省份有代表性的桑品种进行了过氧化物酶、苹果酸酶同工酶研究，结果表明：安徽省地方桑品种总体分化较迟，与江浙等地的桑品种亲缘关系很近。 本试验首次利用oWD－PCR对安徽省地方桑品种进行了研究，结果表明安徽省地方桑品种亲缘关系较近。RAPD指纹图谱表明，安徽省最早桑树栽培中心可能在青阳和径县等皖南山区一带。虽然RAPD技术也存在自身无法克服的缺点，与同工酶的试验结果相比，RAPD揭示的差异更颁，更可靠。 对两个品种原地、异地保存作对比试验时发现，两个品种同工酶在不同程度上发生了变异，其中新大叶瓣异地保存的品种叶片有变小的趋势，青阳麻桑的变异所带来的后果还不清楚。因此，今后有必要对安徽省地方桑品种进行全面的调查研究，对不宜异地保存的品种进行原地保存，建立安徽省优质地方桑品种繁育基地，大力推广安徽省内优质桑品种。
Mulberry with its leaves as the main food source of silkworm, is categorized as Dieotyledonede, Urticales, Moraceae, Morus L, Moms alba L. A systematic study on main native varieties of mulberry in Anhui province was conducted adopting the methods including morphological character comparison, biochemical analysis and molecular bio-techniques in this essay, and the results are as follows.The investigating result about morphological and biological characters showed that the difference between various mulberry varieties was significant, with the variance coefficient in the content of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, amino acid 12.69%, 20.98%, 17.63% respectively. The correlation test revealed that there was a significantly positive relationship between chlorophyll and soluble sugar in content, but such relationship wasn"t observed between chlorophyll and amino acid.The analysis results about amino acid content of native mulberry varieties in Anhui province showed that there was a certain degree of relationship between theMet content and silkworm healthy, and a positive relationship between Tyr content and silk production. In the experiment of oral administration, Tyrosine showed the same effect on silkworm.The three kinds of isoenzymes EST, POD, ME in Anhui mulberry varieties were tested, and the results showed that the difference among the varieties was not great. All varieties were clustered as a whole group based on the POD bands with the unsimilarity coefficient 26%; There was only one band of ME in the varieties, but the Rf value almost of each band was different. The varieties were clustered as one group according to the EST bands with the unsimilarity coefficient 29%, Additionally, there was a specific band in hybridized varieties 9001 and 9002, and this band may be correlated to heterotic vigor.In order to validate the location of Anhui native mulberry in mulberry genealogical evolution, some representative varieties in whole station were selected and studied on POD and ME. The ending indicated that Anhui native mulberry was differentiated very late, and their relationship with the native mulberry varieties in Jiangshu and Zhejiang province was very close.RAPD-PCR analysis on genome DNA of various native varieties in Anhui province was also conducted for the first time and the result showed that the difference among the varieties was not significant. Compared to isoenzyme results, RAPD result was more complete and creditable though there were some shortage inthis method.The comparing testing result of isoenzymes about in situ and ex situ conversation showed that there were some various degree variances in these two mulberry varieties. The leaf area of Xindayeban ex situ had a decrescent trend. The result about the variance of Qingyangmasang ex situ conversation variety was unknown. So this must be most urgent to study native mulberry varieties in Anhui province completely, some varieties which genetic shift or drift were occurring with ex situ conversation should be replaced by in situ conversation. It"s necessary to found a breeding base for high quality of native mulberry varieties in Anhui province and generalize it widely.
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