论文标题:传感器网络中基于位置信息的节能算法研究
The Research on Energy-efficient Algorithms Based on Position Information in Sensor Networks
论文作者
论文导师 郭忠文,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 计算机应用技术
论文单位 中国海洋大学,点击次数 76,论文页数 70页File Size3349K
论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_93018037/
sensor network; energy efficient; virtual backbone network; lifetime
随着基于微机电系统的传感器技术、低能耗电子和射频技术的不断进步,低能耗、廉价的无线微传感器得以大规模应用,相应的无线传感器网络应运而生。无线传感器可以被应用于军事、商业、医疗救护、环境监测等多方面,具有广阔的应用前景,科学家预言传感器网络将成为新世纪人们生活的重要组成部分。 节点能量有限是传感器网络的突出特点,构成了传感器网络应用的瓶颈。因此如何能节约网络节点的能量,延长网络生命周期,是无线传感器网络研究中的一个热点。 随着定位技术的发展,很多传感器网络节点都配有定位系统。本文的算法都是在节点配有定位系统的前提下进行研究的,通过有效的利用位置信息来达到节能的目的。本文首先研究了传感器网络中现有的各种节能策略,然后对以下几个方面进行了研究: (1)传感器网络的最大能量消耗是数据传输,无线电磁波信号能量消耗与传输的距离平方成正比,无线水声信号的衰减随距离成正指数递增,因而为了节约能量,网络在传输数据时,一般都采用短距离多跳方式。论文分析了在数据传输过程中节点的传输距离,跳数与能量消耗三者之间的关系,通过分析结果得到了节点能耗的曲线图。根据能耗曲线图,结合位置辅助路由机制,本文提出了最佳跳数路由算法。算法通过确立辅助传输点来协助路由,既限制了路由过程中数据传输的范围,又保证了整个路由过程中耗能低且节点间的耗能比较均匀。与传统的受限洪泛机制相比有很大的改进。仿真证明与传统的位置辅助路由协议相比,该算法能较好的节约能量,均衡节点间能耗,延长网络生命周期。 (2)通过构建虚拟骨干网,使骨干节点完成对整个网络的覆盖,这样当骨干节点处于工作状态时,其它节点就可以处于休眠状态。可以在传感器网络中找出多个不相交的虚拟骨干网,让它们进行轮流工作,这样可以有效的节省能量。如何在传感器网络中寻找最大个数不相交的虚拟骨干网一直是个比较复杂的问题。本文分析了虚拟骨干网的节能机制,同时结合节点的位置信息,介绍了一种数学
Recent advances in sensor technology, low-power electronics, and low-power radio frequency design have enabled the development of inexpensive and low-power wireless sensors that can be connected via a wireless network. Wireless Sensor network can be applied in many areas such as military affairs, commerce, medical care, environmental monitoring, Scientists predict that sensor network will become an important part of daily life in our new era. Although sensor network has a great future, a remarkable character, limited by energy, puzzles all the researchers and it has become the bottle-neck. How to save energy, especially to save energy for sending the data, and extend the life of network becomes a hotspot all over the world. With the development of the location technology ,the nodes of the sensor network is often allocated location system .The algorithms of this paper is proposed with the premise that the nodes are allocated with location system and realize energy efficiency by valid information. Firstly, many energy efficient algorithms is analyzed. The main works of this paper are following: (1)Many researchers have declared the fact that energy consumption will increase with the square of the distance that the data is transmitted for the wireless signals. And it will be exponent for the underwater acoustic communication. So short ranges multi-hop, rather than single hop, is widely used to save energy in sensor network. This paper analyzes the relation among the transmission distance, hop and energy consumption. We can get the graphic of the node energy consumption from the result. This paper proposes a best hop routing algorithm combining location auxiliary routing mechanism with energy consumption curve, which ensures the energy consumption is efficient and evenly in routing process .Compared to the classic
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