论文标题:新型有机无机复混肥对蔬菜作物生长及土壤供氮能力的影响
Effect of Application of New Kinds of Organic-inorganic Mixed Fertilizers on Growth of Spinach and Pakchoi and Soil Nitrogen Supply
论文作者 杨春悦
论文导师 沈其荣,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 植物营养
论文单位 南京农业大学,点击次数 92,论文页数 69页File Size3452k
2005-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_932074767/ 新型有机无机复混肥;蔬菜生长与产量;土壤矿质氮;土壤微生物量氮
new kinds of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers; growth and yields of vegetables; soil mineral N; soil microbial biomass N
近年来,由于传统有机肥具有一些局限性,农民几乎放弃了积制、施用传统有机肥的习惯,有机肥占农田养分投入比例不断降低。与此同时化肥的大量不合理施用也引发了严重的问题。因此,研制与开发施用后增产效果与化肥相比相差不多、甚至高于化肥的新型有机肥料或有机无机复混肥料,是今后中国肥料发展的方向。本文通过菠菜和青菜盆栽试验,研究了本课题组新近研制的新型有机肥以及新型有机无机复混肥的施用对作物生长、产量、吸氮量、土壤矿质氮、土壤微生物量氮以及作物品质等的影响,旨在揭示新型有机无机复混肥的作用机制,为新型有机无机复混肥的推广施用提供理论依据,获得了以下结果: 1.本试验条件下,施用新型有机肥和有机无机复混肥可以促进菠菜和青菜的生长,分别在蔬菜上平均增产112%和178%,分别是单施尿素处理的0.77和1.03倍。可见本试验中新型有机无机复混肥施用后能获得与单施尿素的处理基本相同的产量,有进一步推广施用的价值和潜力。 2.施用新型有机肥和有机无机复混肥,收获时蔬菜吸氮量分别比不施肥高91%和149%,分别是单施尿素处理的0.92和1.14倍。可见施用新型有机无机复混肥,作物吸氮量不仅高于不施肥处理,也高于单施尿素处理。这反映了施用新型有机无机复混肥处理良好的土壤氮素供应状况,这是该肥料推广施用的基础。 3.蔬菜生长期内,施用新型有机肥和有机无机复混肥土壤矿质氮平均比对照高89.8%和78.9%;收获后施用有机肥和有机无机复混肥平均比原始土样矿质氮高202%和220%,表明有机肥和有机无机复混肥的施用可以改善土壤氮素供应状况。新型有机肥单施和有机无机复混肥施用后土壤矿质氮变动幅度分别比单施尿素低57.1%和38.8%,因此可以认为本试验条件下,与单施尿素相比,施用有机肥和有机无机复混肥的处理能获得较为平稳的土壤氮素供应过程。 4.本试验施用新型有机肥和有机无机复混肥的处理土壤微生物量氮在蔬菜生长期间的变动幅度分别比单施尿素的处理高223%和149%。结果显示,与单施尿素相比,新型有机肥和有机无机复混肥的施用能提高土壤对氮素的“缓冲”能力,改善土壤供氮特征。 5.收获时施用新型有机肥和有机无机复混肥的菠菜硝酸盐含量分别平均比单施
The ratio of nutrient input to the field supplied by traditional organic fertilizer was dramatically decreasing owing to the limits of it in recent years. At the same time the improper application of chemical fertilizer causes some serious problems, such as environmental pollution, global warming, et al.. Therefore new kinds of organic fertilizers or organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers (commercial organic manure) are needed to make to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional one. Three pot experiments were conducted to study the effect of application of the organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers newly made by our research group on growth, yields of spinach and pakchoi and soil nitrogen supply.The organic fertilizers, organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers and urea were applied at a rate of 60 mg N kg-1 soil and no fertilizer was applied in CK. Fresh weight and nitrogen uptake of spinach and pakchoi, nitrate and Vc content of spinach, soil mineral N and soil microbial biomass N were determined during the growth of the two vegetables. The results obtained are showed as follows.1 The fresh weights of spinach and pakchoi were increased by112% and 178% respectively in the application of the organic fertilizers and organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers compared with CK and they were also increased by 0.77 and 1.03 times of those in the treatments with urea alone respectively, demonstrating that the organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers newly made have the same effect on the growth of vegetables as chemical fertilizer (urea).2 The nitrogen taken up by two vegetables in the application of these new kinds of organic fertilizers and organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers were 91% and 149 % higher than those of CK respectively, and 92% and 114% of those of the treatments with urea alone respectively.3 The soil mineral N of the treatments applied with these new kinds of organic fertilizers and organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers were 89.8% and 78.9% higher than thoseof CK during the whole growth period of the two vegetables respectively, 202% and 220% higher than those of original soil samples used in the experiments respectively. And the changing range of soil mineral N in the application of these new kinds of organic fertilizers and organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers were 57.1% and 38.8% lower than those of the treatments with urea alone respectively. To sum up, the application of these new kinds of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers could maintain a good model of soil mineral nitrogen for the requirement by the vegetables.4 The changing range of soil microbial biomass N in the application of these new kinds of organic fertilizers and organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers were 223% and 149% larger than those of the treatments with urea alone respectively. This means the higher nitrogen buffering capacity of the soil could be obtained with the application of organic fertilizers and organic-inorganic mixed ferilizers. Hence, the application of these new kinds of organic fertilizers and organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers synchronized the soil nitrogen supply with the requirement by spinach and pakchoi and thus, greatly improved the soil nitrogen supply.5 The application of new kinds of organic fertilizers and organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers decreased the nitrate content of the vegetables by 10.1% and 16.2% compared with the application of urea alone. And the Vc content of the treatments applied with new kinds of organic fertilizers and organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers were slightly lower than those of CK and the treatments with urea alone.To conclude, the application of new kinds of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers could improve the soil nitrogen supplying characteristics and synchronize the soil nitrogen supplying process with the requirement by spinach and pakchoi. Almost the same yields of spinach and pakchoi could be obtained in the application of these new kinds of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers as those in urea application alone. And better spinach quality could be got in the application of these new kinds of org
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