论文标题:移民的阶段性模式及其心理反应的研究
Research on the Staged Pattern and Psychological Reaction of Migrants
论文作者
论文导师 陈昌文,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 应用心理学
论文单位 四川大学,点击次数 110,论文页数 57页File Size3339K
2007-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_932520092/
involuntary migrants;; staged reaction;; market ability
水库移民是社会发展到一定阶段的必然产物，国务院办公厅在1986年1月转发了水利电力部关于抓紧处理水库移民问题的通知，明确指出：“水库移民工作必须从单纯安置补偿的传统做法中解脱出来，走开发型移民的路子”。此后，我国的水库移民研究也从传统的“重工程、轻移民”思路中走了出来，越来越多的学者开始关注移民本身，开始从社会学和心理学的角度对移民进行研究。 在这样的背景下，本文从社会心理学的角度，以向家坝水库移民为例，采用定性和定量相结合，以问卷调查为主，个案访谈和文献研究等相结合的方法，对水库移民的阶段性模式及其心理反应进行研究，试图找到阶段性模式与心理反应的规律，为更好的实现我国开发型移民安置的方针政策提供依据，促进我国水库移民安置理论与实践的发展。 本文从心理学的角度，把移民阶段分为等待阶段、准移民阶段、安置阶段和后期融入阶段，在这四个阶段，移民所面对的刺激模式不同，心理反应也不同。计划型的等待阶段引起停滞性反应，移民表现出高期望和强依赖的心理；准移民阶段的立项试误引起移民的试探性反应，移民表现出博弈与抗拒心理；安置阶段的选择配置导致移民的选择困境和疏离化，引起移民的猜疑、攀比和不满心理；后期融入阶段，新环境的构建导致移民的陌生感，移民在此阶段表现出丧失心理和角色固着化心理。 本文还对移民的这些心理反应进行了讨论：高期望带来强烈的挫折感，强依赖造成政府的无限责任，博弈和抗拒可能导致矛盾升级，猜疑增加基层政府的工作难度，攀比强化不满情绪，而不满可能引起上访等移民事件的发生，丧失心理构成了移民返迁的心理因素之一，角色固着化增加移民的融入难度。解决的对策是：等待阶段要提前分流，降低高期望和强依赖；准移民阶段要提供明确的信息，减少博弈和抗拒产生的机会；安置阶段采取政策公开和整体动员策略，以减弱移民的猜疑、攀比和不满心理；后期融入阶段构建移民社会支持系统，让移民尽快融入迁入地，使移民身份尽快消失。
With the development of the society, the reservoir migrants are inevitable. In the January of 1986, the office of our Department of State transmits the hydraulic and electric departments" notification of dealing with the reservoir migrants" problems urgently, it points that"the work of the reservoir migrants must change to the exploitable migration from the simple and traditional settlement". The researches of our reservoir migrants come out from the traditional way of"giving the project more weigh to the migrants", more and more researchers begin to notice the migrants themselves, and they start to research them from the angle of the sociology and psychology. Under the background, the thesis takes Xiangjia-ba reservoir migrants as a case to research the staged pattern and the psychological reaction of the reservoir migrants from the angle of the social psychology. It combines the qualitative method and the quantitative method, which tries to look for the regulation between the pattern and the reaction by questionnaire investigation chiefly, case talk and document research conjoined. It can offer references for carrying out the exploitable migration policy better and make the theory and the practice of the reservoir migration more developmental in our country. The thesis divides the migration into four stages, which includes the waiting—stage, the quasi—migrant stage, the settlement-stage and the later merging—stage. In these stages, the spurs are different and the migrants" psychological reactions are also different. The planned waiting—stage will cause the stagnant reaction, the high expectation and the strong dependence are evident. The trial of the item-establishing will bring to the migrants" trial reaction in the quasi—migrant stage, the game and the resistance are obvious. The allocations of the government will lead to the optional dilemmas and the estrangements of the migrants in the settlement-stage, which cause the suspicion, comparison, and dissatisfaction. In the later merging—stage, The rebuilding of the new environment will lead to the unfamiliarity, the deprivation and the role fixation are inevitable. The thesis also discusses the results of these psychological reactions. The high expectation will bring to the intense frustration and the strong dependence will lead to the unlimited liability of the government. The game and resistance will move up the contradiction. The suspicion will increase the difficulty of basic government. The comparison will reinforce the dissatisfactory emotion. The dissatisfaction may trigger off the event, such as the visit capital. The deprivation will become the psychological factor of the migrants" returning. The role fixation will lead to more difficult merging. The key to the questions is that making advance distribution in the waiting—stage to descend the high expectation and dependence, offering definite information in the quasi—migrant stage to diminish the gaming and resistant chances, making policy open and mobilization public in the settlement-stage to weaken the suspicion, comparison and dissatisfaction, building the society supporting system in the later merging stage to make the migrants into the immigrant place more fast and cause the migrant label disappeared more quickly.
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