论文标题:烤烟优质生产调控技术的研究
Study on Control Technology for the High Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco
论文作者 武丽
论文导师 黄义德；徐晓燕,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 作物栽培学与耕作学
论文单位 安徽农业大学,点击次数 153,论文页数 63页File Size806k
2005-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_95034317/ 烤烟;化控技术;农艺措施;质量
Flue-cured tobacco; Chemical control; Agronomy;Quality
试验于 2003 年 2 月到 2005 年 3 月连续两年在中国科学技术大学试验站、温室以及安徽省宣城古泉镇烟站进行。试验内容涉及到烟草化学、烟草栽培生理、生物化学、烤烟营养的原理和方法、烟草栽培学和烟草香味学。通过大田和盆栽试验相结合研究了调控技术对烤烟烟叶烟碱、多酚含量及品质的影响,主要研究结果如下: (1)植物生长调节剂及其与营养物质配施对烤烟品质的影响,其研究结果表明:化控物质赤霉素(GA)、萘乙酸(NAA)、生长素(IAA)能促进烟株生长,扩大叶面积。三种化控物质在一定浓度范围内,浓度增加,烟叶的烟碱含量下降,还原糖含量增加;在三种化控物质和脱落酸(ABA)、维生素 C(Vc)、微量元素(Mo)的复配组 合 ( NAA+GA+Vc 、 GA+NAA+IAA+Vc 、 GA+NAA+IAA+Mo 和GA+NAA+IAA+ABA)中,GA+NAA+IAA+Mo 和 GA+NAA+IAA+ABA 两个处理的效果较好且优于单剂处理,这两个处理的结果表明:烟碱、总氮含量降低,还原糖、总糖、钾素含量升高,多酚含量虽略有降低但与对照无明显差异,两糖差较小,施木克值适宜,化学成分协调。相关分析表明,烟碱含量和叶面积之间呈现极显著负相关关系,钾素与烟碱、总氮含量也呈现极显著负相关关系,总氮与烟碱含量之间呈负相关关系。 (2)烟碱化控物质和农艺措施相结合对烤烟品质的影响:在打顶时、打顶后第 5天、打顶后第 10 天三个不同的时期都用 GA+NAA+IAA+Mo 和 GA+NAA+IAA+ABA这两个化控物质处理烟株,结果表明,处理时间越早对烟叶的影响程度越大;处理时间显著影响烟叶中的烟碱、还原糖和总氮含量;化控物质对上部、中部烟叶的烟碱和还原糖含量的影响达极显著差异。打顶时进行喷施化控物质 GA+NAA+IAA+ABA 的处理,其烟叶中的烟碱、总氮、蛋白质含量降低,还原糖及钾含量增加,多酚含量适宜,施木克值增加,化学成分及其品质指标符合优质烟叶的标准,且中上等烟比例较高,能获得最高产值,初烤烟叶的刺激性和杂气较小,劲头适中,吃味纯净,香气质较好,烟气饱满圆润,总体感觉最好。综合分析,打顶时进行喷施化控物质GA+NAA+IAA+ABA,不仅中部叶品质较好,上部叶质量也得到了很好的改善,具有高糖低碱和高糖低蛋白质的特点,对烟气酸碱度和烟叶香吃味都有好的表现,有利于烟叶化学成分的协调和品质的提高。 ( 3 ) 打顶后, 通过5、10、15、20mg/kg四种不同浓度的化控物质
The experiments were carried out on the farm,greenhouse of USTC and Guquan town,Xuancheng city in Anhui province from 2003 to 2005,by using the principle and methods of tobacco chemistry,biochemistry,tobacco cultivation,tobacco biochemistry, principle of nourishment in flue-cured tobacco,tobacco aroma. The study on the technology of chemical control had an immediate effect on the content of nicotine,polyphenolics and the quality of flue-cured tobacco by the port and farm experiments. The main results are as follows: 1. The study on the effect of the plant growth regulations and the mixture of those and nutriment on the flue-cured tobacco shows: The chemical substance (GA、NAA、IAA) can accelerate the biology character, such as growth, height and area of tobacco leaves. When the concentration of the three substances are within a certain range, the content of nicotine declines, while reducing sugar increases with the enhancement of concentration for single. Effects of the compound disposals are better than those of the single, especially; The preferable disposals are GA+NAA+IAA+Mo and GA+NAA+IAA+ABA. To compare the preferable disposals with CK,the nicotine and total nitrogen content get down significantly and the polyphenolics content declines slightly, while the content of reducing sugar , total sugar and potassium increase. The margin of two-sugar drops and the Shmuk value enhances. Correlative analysis shows the correlation of nicotine content and the area, length, width is opposite, while K2O content and the length is opposite, total nitrogen content and nicotine is opposite. 2. The result of the study on the effect of the combination of the substance of chemical control and the measure of planting on the quality of the flue-cured tobacco shows: The effects of the two preferable disposals on the quality of the flue-cured tobacco are unlike because of the dissimilitude of the time of the treatments. The experiment, which is that the tobacco has been proposed when topped, five days and ten days after topped, shows that the earlier time, the more notable effect, meanwhile, the effect of the time on the content of nicotine, reducing sugar and total nitrogen is remarkable; and the substance of chemical control on the nicotine and reducing sugar of upper and middle part of leaves is notable. Additionally, the best treatment of GA+NAA+IAA+ABA used at the time of topping affects deeply the content of nicotine, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, etc. The content of nicotine and protein get down significantly, the content of polyphenolics declines slightly, while the content of reducing sugar, total sugar and potassium increase. The Shmuk value enhances. The component and quality performance are in the range of high quality. The economic result shows that the yield, production value and proportion of high quality are better. The yield is appropriate. It is the top-quality. The thrill and mixed smell of the tobacco are little, the intensity is moderate, the taste is pure, the quality of aroma is preferable, the fume is plump .So its total sense is best. To analyze synthetically, the effect of GA+NAA+IAA+ABA on the middle and upper part leaves is better than those of other compound disposals. It has the character of high sugar and low nicotine, which is beneficial to the fume and taste. The chemical components are more harmonious and the quality is elevated. 3. After topping, the study on the component and the accumulation of nicotine for different the chemical substance shows: every chemical treatment can improve the length, width and area of tobacco leaves. Ranging from 5mg/kg to 15mg/kg, the higher thickness, and the more obvious affection. When it reaches 20mg/kg, the effects on tobacco weaken. The content of nicotine and total nitrogen get down .The content of reducing sugar and K2O increase. The regularity varies with different treatments: During certain thickness range (5～15mg/kg), the effects on tobacco strengthen with the thickness of the chemical control growing. The tobacco leaves treated by 5mg/kg has feasibl
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