论文标题:中国城市反贫困责任伦理问题研究
A Study on the Responsibility Ethics on Anti-poverty in Cities in China
论文作者 唐宜荣
论文导师 舒远招；刘湘溶,论文学位 博士,论文专业 伦理学
论文单位 湖南师范大学,点击次数 26,论文页数 232页File Size12830k
2004-10-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_955659937/ 城市反贫困;责任伦理;个体;政府;社会
responsibility ethics; individual; government; society
中国城市贫困问题是中国现代化进程中面临的严峻挑战。新中国成立后,特别是实行改革开放以来,中国共产党领导下的中国政府,以高度的责任感和使命感,率领中国人民与贫困进行长期不懈的斗争,取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。到20世纪80年代末,中国大部分地区基本消除了绝对贫困,解决了温饱问题。随着改革开放的不断深化,在农村绝对贫困问题尚未根本解决的同时,城市贫困问题在20世纪90年代突然形成,并且日益凸显,成为目前经济社会发展中的一个独特而复杂的问题。关注和解决这个问题,已经成为中国进一步深化改革、维护社会稳定、加快经济发展中一个不容回避的问题,更成为中国政府、社会和城市贫困个体的共同责任。 本文从责任伦理视角出发,融合传统伦理学相关理论,对中国城市贫困问题及其解决措施的伦理意义展开系统论述。之所以将责任伦理作为立论的逻辑起点,主要基于以下思考:第一,责任伦理为城市反贫困提供了一种伦理新维度。责任伦理是一种前瞻性、预防性、以人类整体性行为为对象的伦理理念。与传统伦理相比,责任伦理首先是一种远距离伦理。以往的伦理学,无论时间还是空间,所涉及的均是人与人之间的直接关系。责任伦理则以整个人类为导向,是对未来人类的尊重、责任和义务。责任伦理还是一种整体性伦理。我们的现代社会是一个日益复杂的由设计与创新、生产与服务、交换与消费等领域与过程构成的庞大系统,其中个人的行为空间越来越窄。从严格意义上讲,个体性伦理已无法把握当今世界凸显的大量问题,个体将被整体以及整体的高级行为主体所取代,决策与行为将成为集体的事情。第二,责任伦理是城市反贫困的基本伦理要求。约翰·罗尔斯认为,责任是促进社会公平正义的前提条件,因为道德的合法性不以行为的善为依据,它必须是客观的、普遍的和理性的、自主的,否则就会走到“以目的证明手段”的目的论境地,从而使社会道德底线崩溃。责任的意义就在于自主地要求实现社会的公平正义。第三,责任意识是城市反贫困主体的道德意识。现代社
Poverty is a serious challenge confronting China in its modernization. Since 1949, especially the time of the implementation of the reform and open-up policy, the Chinese government, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, with its great sense of responsibility and mission, has exerted lasting efforts and achieved much in tackling poverty. By the end of 1980s", absolute poverty was eradicated in most areas in China. People no longer can dress warmly and eat their fill. With the advancement of the reform and open-up, when absolute poverty is still lingering in some areas, poverty problems in cites cropped up, and with its unique and complex character in China"s economy, it claimed more and more people"s attention. To further reform, to maintain social stability, and to.accelerate the economy in China, poverty issues in cites inevitably involves the responsibilities, of the government, society and poverty-stricken individuals themselves. This dissertation discusses the responsibility ethics concerning the solution to this issue.This dissertation centered on the poverty issues and their solutions in cities from the perspective of ethical responsibility and by employing relevant ethics theories and norms. The reason is as follows:1) Responsibility ethics provides a new dimension in dealing with poverty in cities. Responsibility ethics is prospective and preventative. It takes the whole of human behavior as its studying object. Unlike the belief ethics, it is a distant ethic. The classical ethics deals with the direct person-to-person relationship whether seen temporally or spatially. Whereas responsibility ethics takes the human being as a whole, and shows a respect, a responsibility and obligation for the generations to come, Meanwhile, responsibility ethics is a holistic one. The main pattern of argumentation and the pervasive norms of the classical ethics are based on individual behaviorand life. Yet today"s society is a gigantic system of different fields and processes: design and creativity, production, services, exchange and consumptions etc. in which the room for individual activity is becoming narrower. Strictly speaking, individual ethic is not manageable. Individual decision and action will be resigned to a higher order of collective decision and action.2) Responsibility ethics is the bottom-line requirement in anti-poverty in cities. According to John Rawls, responsibility is the prerequisite for social justice. The validity of moral is not judged by the goodness of behavior; it must be objective, pervasive, rational and autonomous or it will become the teleology "the end justifies the means", and make the social moral bottom-line collapse. The significance of responsibility lies in the autonomous claim for the realization of social justice. In this sense, anti-poverty in cities is the means and the ends; it is the lowest ethic requirement.3) Responsibility awareness is the principal part of the moral consciousness. Eliminating poverty in cities, maintaining social justice and achieving an affluence society are our aim, and they are also the shared responsibility of the whole society. Therefore the awareness and sense of responsibility on the part of the agents have a great impact on the process and process in tackling poverty problems.The dissertation consists of four parts: introduction; four chapters, amongst which chapter one is the theoretical foundation for the dissertation and chapter two through chapter four make up the body of it and the last part is the conclusion. With regard to the method of study, this article tries to study from the perspective of philosophy, ethics, sociology, economics, demography, education, psychology and statistics, and combines qualitative study with quantitative study and theory with practice. By employing analytic and descriptive methods, the author explores the underlying reasonand ethics for the formation of poverty problem in cities. With analysis of the ethical responsibility of government, society and individual, it attempts to provide s
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