论文标题:广东加工贸易存在的问题与对策
The Existing Problems and Suggested Countermeasures in Guangdong Processing Trade
论文作者 陈文涛
论文导师 陈雪梅,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 国民经济学
论文单位 暨南大学,点击次数 114,论文页数 57页File Size2712k
2000-11-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_96537052/ 加工贸易,贸易结构,产业结构
processing trade,trade structure,Industrial structure
广东是中国最早实行改革开放的地区。改革开放之初，广东是中国一个贫穷落后的边陲省份，缺乏发展资金、技术水平落后，但拥有丰富的劳动力资源。广东抓住当时发达国家产业升级加快、“四小龙”竞相向国外转移劳动密集型产业的机会，充分利用“特殊政策，灵活措施”，凭借丰富廉价劳动力资源、毗邻港澳的优越地理位置和华侨众多的优势，承接了大量发达国家和“四小龙”转移过来的劳动密集型加工装配产业。 随着加工贸易的迅猛发展，广东的贸易规模迅速扩大，贸易额占全国四成。在加工贸易大力促进下，国内生产总值的发展速度远远高于全国的平均水平。数据表明，近几年广东近20％的GDP是通过加工贸易实现的。广东成为中国名副其实的贸易大省和经济领头羊。 但是在加工贸易蓬勃发展的同时，种种弊端也逐渐显露。例如，由于享有特殊政策，在一定条件下，加工贸易会对资源产生扭曲配置；特殊政策还使得加工贸易超常规发展，导致广东贸易规模过大、贸易结构不合理；加工贸易超常规发展，还使得以劳动密集型为特征的加工贸易在国民经济中所占的比重上升，加深了与产业升级的矛盾。又如，由于监管难度大，导致通过加工贸易途径进行走私的现象十分普遍；以及加工贸易对解决本地富余劳动力就业作用有限等等。还有一点不可忽视的是，广东发展加工贸易的传统优势正在丧失或弱化，发展加工贸易的后劲不足。 因此，广东的加工贸易到了该调整的时候了。调整的思路是：逐步减免、以至最后取消加工贸易特殊政策，从根本上解决加工贸易特殊政策带来的问题，当然这要与广东的经济发展水平相适应。同时还应加强对加工贸易的监管，避免加工贸易成为不法分子的走私途径；鼓励加工贸易企业管理层本地化，雇用更多的省内富余劳动力。由于广东目前参与国际竞争的优势仍集中在劳动力资源上，加工贸易作为一种最能发挥劳动力资源优势的贸易方式，仍有其存在的客观需要，因此针对广东发展加工贸易传统优势弱化问题，应把加工贸易从珠三角中心城市向较落后地区转移，并把发展成熟的加工贸易转移到国外去，以降低成本，增强竞争力。
Guangdong is the earliest place in China that implemented the reform and opened to the outside world. At the very beginning of the reform, Guangdong was a poor and backward frontier province. She lack of fund as well as technology. What she got in hand were rich low-paid human resources. At that time, the developed countries were quickening their upgrading paces in industrial structure, and the fast-developing our dragons fell over each other to move the labor-intensive industry abroad. With the advantage brought by pecial policy and flexible practice proximity to Hong Kong and Macau, and close relation with overseas Chinese, Guangdong caught the opportunity of the upgrading trend in industrial structure, and has attracted a lot of labor-intensive, processing and assembling factories from the developed countries and our dragons With the fast development of the processing trade, Guangdong scale of trade has been expanded extremely quickly, and the trade volume constitutes 40% of the national total. It even proved by the statistics that processing trade has become an engine behind the fast GDP growth: in recent years, around 20% of the GDP has been realized through processing trade, and the GDP growth in Guangdong is far higher than the national average. Guangdong is worthy of the reputations as a big trade province and the leading goat of China economy. However, problems have occurred during the quick development of processing trade. For instance, under certain terms, the favorable policy towards processing trade may lead to inefficiency in allocation of resources; the deeply-looted labor-intensive character has intensified the contradiction between processing trade and upgrading procedure in industrial structure; the quickly-expanded processing trade has resulted in a too big trade scale and an irrational trade structure; the loose management has made it possible to smuggle through the channel of processing trade; and processing trade hasn create sufficient vacancies for the local unemployed labors. In addition, Guangdong traditional advantages are dying out or weakening in developing processing trade, and the further development of processing trade in the province could be very difficult.Therefore, it time to adopt countermeasures to adjust the processing trade. The clue of adjustment could be like this: in order to eliminate the negative effect arising from the favorable policy towards processing trade, it necessary to gradually reduce and finally cancel thefavorable terms; of cause, this procedure shall adapt to the economic development level from time to time. Meanwhile, stricter management and supervision shall be implemented on processing trade to avoid smuggling; and encouraging measures shall be adopted to promote the localization of the executive and managing board of processing trade enterprises, so as to release the unemployed pressure of the province. What cannot be overlooked as well is the competitive advantage of Guangdong for the time being, which is characterized by rich labor reserve. Since processing trade is the most effective way to make full use of the labor reserve, the existence of processing trade meets the objective requirement. With reference to the weakening traditional advantages in this sector, Guangdong shall move the processing trade industry from the central cities of the Pearl River Delta to the comparatively backward district, and encourage the matured processing trade enterprises to establish their care
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