论文标题:新农村建设背景下的山东农村贫困问题研究
The Study of Rural Poverty Problems in Shandong at the Background of Building New Countryside
论文作者
论文导师 任建兰,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 区域经济学
论文单位 山东师范大学,点击次数 24,论文页数 63页File Size2101K
2008-04-18论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_989254497/
Rural poverty;; Anti-poverty;; reasons;; Shandong;; Countermeasures
改革开放以来,山东省政府坚持不懈地对农村进行扶贫,取得了显著的成效,农村绝对贫困问题已大为缓解,但是尚未根除;现阶段,山东由于整体经济实力的增强,农村贫困问题很容易被忽视,因此,在建设社会主义新农村的背景下对山东农村贫困问题进行研究,具有很大的现实意义。 贫困是缺乏满足人体基本活动所需的收入或者是收入水平远远低于其他居民的生存状态,可分为绝对贫困和相对贫困。农村绝对贫困居民是指收入水平低于农村绝对贫困线的农民;而农村相对贫困居民是指收入水平相对低下的农民,其群体随比较对象的变化而变化。山东农村绝对贫困问题依然存在、相对贫困问题日益突出,贫困地区呈现集中于西部地区、社会和生态问题突出的特征,贫困居民呈现受教育水平低、就业层次低、消费层次低和家庭负担重等特征。 笔者从定性和定量两个方面分析了山东农村贫困的成因。从定性方面来看,农村贫困的成因很多,笔者从经济、社会和科技三个方面进行了归纳:资本短缺的恶性循环、农业的弱质性、贫困农民的投资结构单一、城乡二元经济结构是造成贫困的经济方面的原因;家庭负担重、文化素质低、思想意识保守、重工轻农的政策是造成贫困的社会方面的原因;政府对农业科研的投资不足、农民素质低不利于农业技术的应用、农业社会化服务体系不完善阻碍农业技术的推广是造成贫困的技术方面的原因。对农村贫困成因的定性分析,不足于解释各因素对贫困的影响程度,笔者用Eviews统计软件进行了定量分析,得出了地方财政对农业的支持对贫困的影响程度最大、其次为农业税收金额、再次为农业贷款额、影响最小的是农村固定资产投资额。 改革开放以来,山东省政府坚持不懈地进行农村反贫困,从改革开放初的制度变革反贫困、到80年代中期至90年代中期的区域开发式反贫困、再到90年代中后期的综合性培育反贫困、最后到目前的全方位扶贫都对缓解贫困起到了显著的作用,但是也存在一定的弊端,如忽视了农民的主体性作用、忽视了城市对农村的带动作用、忽视了农业的纵向发展。因此,笔者分析了目前农村反贫困的有利因素和不利因素,从社会再分配、经济发展模式改革、农民能力和权力的提高、经济体制变革四个方面提出了新农村建设背景下农村反贫困的对策。就社会再分配而言,应从完善扶贫政策体系、加大扶贫投入、提高财政支农支出和建立农村社会保障体制等方面来进行;就经济发展模式而言,应从培育农村经济增长极、培养农村实用人才、实施劳动力输出战略和实现农业产业化经营等方面来改革;就农民能力和权力而言,应从农村人力资本投资、建立农民利益保障组织等方面来提高;就经济体制而言,应从消灭城乡二元制度、改革农村土地制度等方面来变革。
Since opening and reform, the government of Shandong province has taken many measures in easing poverty in rural areas. Although it has achieved remarkable success and rural absolute poverty has been greatly eased, it has not eliminated absolutely.Because of its economic strength,the problem of poverty in rural areas is likely to be neglected. Consequently,at the background of building a new socialist countryside in the new period,the study of rural poverty in Shandong has great practical significance. Poverty means the lack of revenue that can meet humans’basic demand or it is a survival state that humans’income is much less than others’,and it can be divided into two categories,one is absolute poverty and the other is relative poverty.The income of rural residents in absolutely poor state is below the absolute poverty line in rural areas ,and the income of rural residents in relatively poor state is less than others’but its target range varies with objects that are compared. The problem of absolute poverty in Shandong rural areas still exists,and relative poverty has become increasingly prominent.Poor areas locates in the west in Shandong, and their social and ecological problems are very serious.Poor residents have the characteristics of low educated levels,doing bad work,low consumption levels ,heavy family burdens, etc. The author analyzes the reasons that cause rural poverty in Shandong from qualitative and quantitative aspects.There are many reasons causing poverty from qualitative aspect,so the author summarizes them from economic, social and technological aspects.The vicious circle of capital shortage,agriculture’s characteristics,single investment structure of poor residents and the dual urban-rural economic structure are the economic reasons; Heavy family burdens,low educated levels,conservative ideology and the policies of neglecting agriculture are the social reasons; The government"s inadequate investment in agricultural technological research,low educated levels of rural residents hindering the application of agricultural technology and unperfect agricultural service system hindering the promotion of agricultural technology are the technological reasons.We can’t explain the extent to which each factor impacts on poverty by qualitative analysis,so the author uses Eviews statistical software to do some quantitative analysis.She concludes that local financial support for agriculture is the most important in easing rural poverty,the second is agricultural tax rate,the third is agricultural loan amount and the least important one is rural investment in fixed assets. Since opening and reform, the government of Shandong province has taken many measures in easing poverty in rural areas.It adopted many policies in alleviating poverty,such as system reform,regional development, comprehensive development,etc.These policies are very effective in easing poverty,but they also have some drawbacks.They ignored the main role of peasants and the city and the agricultural industrialization in alleviating poverty. Therefore,the author analyzes favorable and unfavorable factors and proposes countermeasures in anti-poverty at the background of building a new socialist countryside.The countermeasures include social redistribution,economic development model reform,the improvement of peasants’capacity and authority and the change of economic system.We should improve social redistribution by completing anti-poverty policies , increasing the input in poor residents,increasing financial support for agriculture and establishing the social security system.We should reform economic development model by forming economic growth pole,leading capable persons in rural areas,implementing the strategy of labor forces export and agricultural industrialization.We should increase capacity and authority of residents by increasing investment in human capital and establishing organizations that are used to protect the interests of the residents.We should change economic system by eliminating the dual urban-rural system and reforming the rural land system.
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