论文标题:山东省灌溉水资源利用管理研究
Research on Shandong Irrigation Water Use and Management
论文作者
论文导师 胡继连,论文学位 博士,论文专业 农业经济管理
论文单位 山东农业大学,点击次数 174,论文页数 211页File Size12745K
2006-05-20论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_998732/
Irrigation Water Use Management; Management System of Irrigation Areas;Agricultural Water Users Associations; Water Exploiting Rights Trading Market
从当前山东省社会发展状况来看，水资源成为山东经济快速发展的“瓶颈”因素。而水资源日益短缺以及浪费现象的并存更使得我们越来越需要反思当前水资源利用管理方式，农业作为用水大户，灌溉水资源利用管理不善逐渐被认同为是导致水资源短缺问题的重要原因之一，由此灌溉水资源的利用管理问题也越来越受到人们的重视。 本论文试图在借鉴国内外关于灌溉水资源利用管理的研究理论与成功实践经验的基础上，以制度经济学、产权经济学、资源与环境经济学、产业经济学、博弈论等诸多理论做为指导，在区分不同类型灌区(引黄灌区、水库灌区、井灌区)的基础上，通过对山东省灌区灌溉水资源利用中的用水管理、供水管理、取水管理问题进行分析，设计出有利于山东省节水的灌溉水资源利用管理制度和规制政策，可以直接用来指导灌溉水资源利用管理的现实实践，为提高和改进灌溉水资源的配置效率，实现灌溉水资源的可持续利用服务。本文的研究内容和主要结论如下： (1) 当前山东省水资源面临的严峻形势使我们意识到变革灌区管理制度是改善灌溉水资源利用效率，实现农业节水的重要措施之一。灌溉水资源产权理论制度分析表明灌溉水资源属于典型的“公共池塘”资源，并且灌溉水资源的利用具有较强的外部性。而灌溉水资源使用者的博弈理论分析也表明如果没有有效的制度设计，灌溉工程设施存在严重“搭便车”现象。另外灌溉水资源的产权理论分析则表明合理的灌溉水资源产权制度安排可以内化外部性，降低交易成本，降低经济活动的不确定性，增加产权主体对未来收益的合理预期，提高信息的完备性，具有激励作用。这一系列分析结论为进一步研究灌区灌溉水资源利用管理问题奠定了一定的理论基础。 (2) 就当前山东省灌区灌溉水资源的用水制度而言，引黄灌区以及水库灌区依然延续了计划经济时期的政府或集体单一集权管理的灌溉组织模式。灌区灌溉工程设施产权不清，同时不尽合理的水价形成机制造成水价偏低。现行灌溉用水制度无法对农户产生节水激励，落后的灌溉技术以及用水计量方式使得灌溉水资源浪费严重。而在以小型灌溉工程设施为主的井灌区情况则有所不同，由于多数井灌区都进行了灌溉设施产权制度改革，革新了灌区用水制度，充分调动了农户参与灌溉管理的积极性。使得井灌区农户行为及其绩效要优于引黄灌区与水库灌区，表现在亩均用水量控制、节水灌溉技术应用等诸多方面。凸现了灌区用水制度变革对农户节水行为的重要影响作用。 (3) 对于山东省灌区灌溉水资源的供水管理来说，引黄灌区以及水库灌区的供水
According to the current situation of social development of Shandong province, water resources have become the bottleneck of rapid development of Shandong"s economy. However, the combination of increasing water shortage and waste forces us to ponder over the pattern of water use and management. Furthermore, as agriculture is a great water consumer, the imperfect management of irrigation water has increasingly been recognized as one of important factors leading to water shortage. Therefore, use and management of irrigation water has been increasingly attached importance to.On the basis of research theories and successful practice in fields of use and management of irrigation water at home and abroad, and scientifically directed by such theories as institution economics, economics of property rights, resources and environmental economics, economics of industry and game theory, this thesis attempts to design administrant system and regulatory policies of irrigation water that are propitious to water saving of Shandong province, by studying water use management, water supply management and water obtaining management of Shandong irrigation water use. And these can directly guide the realistic practice of use and management of irrigation water and provide service to improve allocation efficiency of irrigation water and achieve its sustainable use. The main contents and conclusions of this thesis are as follows:(1)The fact that irrigation water of Shandong province faces current austere situation, makes us realize reform of administrant system of irrigation area is one of important measures to improve the use efficiency of irrigation water and save agricultural water. According to institutional analysis of property rights of irrigation water, such water resources belong to "common pool " resources, and besides, irrigation water use has obvious characteristic of externality. What"s more, in the light of game theory analysis of irrigation water users, serious phenomenon of free ride exists in irrigation engineering facilities without efficient institutional design. Theoretical analysis of property rights of irrigation water indicates that rational institution arrangement of irrigation water can internalize externality; and thereby decrease exchange cost and uncertainty of economical activity; and in opposition help entities of property rights to improve rational anticipation of future proceeds and increase
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