论文标题:武隆县农村地区居民收入研究
Research on the Income of Rural Resident of Wulong County
论文作者
论文导师 张宗益,论文学位 博士,论文专业 技术经济及管理
论文单位 重庆大学,点击次数 88,论文页数 109页File Size1044K
2007-10-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_99993532/
Rural Resident;; Income;; Income Inequlity;; Anti-poverty;; Eonomic Development
改革开放近三十年来,中国经济取得了举世瞩目的成就,经济体制改革为中国经济的高速增长提供了有力的制度保障。与此同时,激励机制的改变和分配制度的变化,带来了居民收入分配格局的演变和收入差距的变化。从统计数据上看,中国已经成为收入不平等状况比较严重的国家之一,相关研究表明,中国的贫富差距主要与中国地区间和城乡间日益扩大的收入差距有关,而地区间的收入差距本身也与中国巨大的城乡收入差距有关。由于中国的贫困人口主要集中在农村地区,因此研究农村贫困人口的收入,对缩小城乡收入差距和解决中国的贫困人口问题都具有重大意义。在中国东部发达地区,工业比较发达,特别是改革开放后乡镇企业的发展,吸收了大量农村剩余劳动力,提高了当地农民的收入水平。而中国西部地区由于进行农业生产的自然条件恶劣,农业生产效率低下,二三产业发展滞后,农村贫困问题尤为严重。 近年来,由农村问题、农民问题和农业问题组成的“三农问题”引起了中国政府的高度重视,中国政府提出构建和谐社会的发展目标,要求下一步改革必须更加注重增强改革措施的协调性,更加注重社会公平,使改革兼顾到各方面利益、照顾到各方面关切,真正使全体人民共享改革发展成果。促进中国西部农村贫困地区经济的发展和农村贫困人口的脱贫致富将改变中国最贫困阶层的生存状态,是由社会主义国家性质决定的必须解决的重大国计民生问题和构建社会主义和谐社会必须解决好的重大现实问题。对中国西部农村地区居民收入问题进行理论探讨和实证研究具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。 本论文的研究希望通过选取重庆市武隆县作为西部农村地区的典型代表,同时使用了宏观经济统计数据和对重庆市武隆县社会经济发展和居民收入进行的抽样调查获得的微观抽样调查数据,采用定量和定性分析相结合的研究方法,以农民增收为切入点,进行较深入的实证研究,为解决中国农村地区的贫困问题和三农问题提出可行的思路,丰富和完善发展中国家和经济转型国家反贫困问题的理论和实证研究,从而为找准中国西部不同地区统筹城乡发展及反贫困模式提供可之借鉴的研究方法和实证依据。 本论文的主要创新性工作包括: ①对武隆农村地区居民收入增长与经济发展的关系进行了深入的探讨,使用先进的计量经济学时间序列动态建模方法对重庆市武隆县一、二、三产业经济发展与居民收入之间关系进行了实证研究。本文的研究将宏观经济运行情况与微观居民收入问题联系起来,可以为通过调整宏观经济运行的某些方面来解决西部地区的贫困问题提供思路。对重庆市武隆县统计数据的实证研究表明:从长期来看,在农村贫困地区大力发展第三产业,积极推进城镇化建设,使农村的富余劳动力早日转移到非农产业就业才是增加农民收入的可行途径。 ②由于缺乏可靠的微观调查数据的支持,目前大量对中国居民收入问题的实证研究往往停留在简单的计算收入分配差异大小程度上,缺乏对居民收入大小决定因素和收入分配结构的深入探讨和定量分析。本论文以重庆市武隆县20个村庄,200户农村居民的微观抽样调查数据为代表,对农村地区居民的收入情况进行的实证研究,有助于深刻认识农村地区贫困问题的现状,并为寻找农村地区反贫困工作的思路提供参考。 ③中国目前有大量农村居民脱离了农业生产在城市和工业中从事生产劳动。这些外出务工农民是中国产业工人的重要组成部分,为中国改革开放以来经济的持续快速增长做出了巨大的贡献。农村居民外出务工行为深刻的改变了中国经济的结构和运行模式,但由于缺乏第一手资料,很少有外出务工行为对农村居民收入影响的定量实证研究。本论文不但使用重庆市武隆县农户家庭微观调查数据探讨了农村居民外出务工行为对贫困地区农村居民家庭收入的影响,还对外出务工农民的收入决定因素做了专门的研究。 ④虽然人口特征和收入来源对居民收入分配存在很大的影响,但由于缺乏数据,很难对这些影响的大小进行定量研究,本论文使用重庆市武隆县农户家庭微观调查数据从农村居民人口特征和收入来源的角度出发,定量研究了农村地区居民各个群体的收入不平等情况是如何影响总的收入不平等和收入来源的各个组成部分的不平等是如何影响总的收入不平等,为进一步研究当前农村地区收入分配差异的现状和反贫困模式的研究提供了理论依据。
China has got great economic growth since implementing innovation and opening policy. The institutional innovation is one of the important engines of Chinese economy. At the same time, the changes of incentive mechanism and distribution institution have brought evolvement of income distribution and enlarge of income disparity. The statistical data shows that China already became one of the most income inequality countries. Many research indicated that the income disparity in China is correlated with the regional economic development differences and urban-rural disparity, moreover the regional differences is correlated with urban-rural disparity deeply. Because China"s impoverished population mainly concentrates in the rural area, studing the rural poverty problem has a great significance to reduce the urban-rural income disparity and solve China"s poverty problem. In the east developed area of China, the induetry development has absorbed large numbers of rural surplus labor force and rasied the local farmer’s income level. But in western area of China, because of the badly agriculture production condition, the agricultural production efficiency is very low and the second and the third industries development lag, the rural poverty is especially serious. Recent years, the Chinese government has paid a high attention on the“three agricultural questions”which compose with peasants, agriculture and villages questions. The Chinese government proposed constructed harmonious social as the development goal. The next step of reform will pay more attention to harmony of reform step and the social justice. The reform will give consideration to every interest group, and let all people to share the reform achievement. The economic development of China’s western depressed area can change the survival condition of most impoverished population. The solution of poverty is the key problem to construct socialist harmonious society. The theoretical discussion and positive research on the income of rural residents in China’s west area have important theory value and practical significance. This paper selects Wulong County in Chongqing as a typical representation of China’s rural western area. Using macroscopic statistics data and microscopic investigation data, this paper researches the present situation of economic development and rural poverty problem in China’s rural area. Based on this, the paper takes the increasing income of farmer as a breskthough point, proposes the feasible mentality to solve the China’s rural area impoverished problem and three agricultural questions, riches and improves the theory and positive research of anti-poverty problem in developing countries and economic transformation countries. The ultimate purpose is to find a feasible way to coordinate development in urban and rural areas in China. The main innovation works in this paper include: ①Make a deep discussion of the relationship between residents’income increasing and economy development. This paper uses an advanced econometrics time series dynamic modelling method to research the relationship between industrial development and esident income. This method associates macroscopic economical movement situation and microscopic resident income, can give some ideas to slove the provty problem. The result shows that the development of the third industry, advancement of urbanization, transformation the rural surplus labor force can increase the farmer income at a long time. ②Because of the difficult to obtain the reliable microscopic investigation data, must of positive research about resident income is simply to measure the degree of income inequality, the quantitative analysis of resident income determinantion and structure of income disparity are lack. This paper uses the microscopic investigation data which investigate 20 villages and 200 families in Wulong County of Chongqing to study the rural resident income in China. This research can help for recognizing the present situation of rural poverty, and give some ideas of anti-poverty work. ③There are many rural residents which leave countryside to work in city. Those working away from home village peasants are important component of industry worker of China, and make a great contribution to Chinese economic growth. The behavior of working away from home village deeply changes the structure and opearing mode of Chinese economy. Due to the lack of frist hand data, there is little positive study about the influence of behavior of working away from home village to rural resident income. This paper not only use the microscopic investigation data to discuss the influence of behavior of working away from home village to rural resident income, but also study the income determination of peasants who working away from home village. ④Although the population characteristic and the source of income have a big influence to income disparity, but for the lack of data, the degree of these influences is different to study. This paper use microscopic investigation data, from the view of rural resident population characteristic and the source of income to study how the income disparity of defferent group to influence the general income disparity and how the component of defferent source of income to influence the general income disparity.
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